Periodontal disease

Causes: Periodontal diseases attack the sulcus, a v-shaped crevice at the gum line that supports a tooth. Risk factors include tobacco use (including smokeless tobacco), medications taken for cancer therapy, oral contraceptives, steroids, bridges that do not fit properly, crooked teeth, defective fillings and poor oral hygiene.

Symptoms: It is possible to have periodontal disease and not have any of the following warning signs.

• Gums that bleed easily
• Tender, red and swollen gums
• Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
• Persistent bad taste or bad breath
• Teeth that are loose or separating from the gums
• Change in the way teeth fit together when biting
• Change in partial denture (or other appliances) fit

Diagnosis and Treatment: Periodontal disease has two major stages: (gingivitis and periodontitis.) Gingivitis is the first stage where the gums are affected but damage can be reversed with early recognition, treatment by your dentist and good health care habits. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress into the final stage of periodontal disease, periodontitis. Periodontitis is severe and the stage where irreversible bone loss occurs around the tooth.